Qur'an in English

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The Qur’an, (Koran) meaning recitation, is the sacred book of Islam. According to Muslim tradition,

it was revealed by God to the Prophet Muhammad in separate revelations over the major portion of

his life at Mecca and at Medina. The Qur'an was probably compiled as a single volume under the

third caliph, Uthman, who appointed a committee (651-52). The internal organization of the Qur'an

is somewhat ad hoc. Revelations consisted of verses (ayat) grouped into 114 chapters (surah,

plural - suwar). The arrangement of the chapters is mechanical: the first, al-Fateha or "the

Opening, is a short prayer exalting God that has become an essential part of all Islamic liturgy

and prayer. The rest are graded generally by length, from longest to shortest. It is impossible to

know chronological order of the chapters from their order in the Quran. Some of the suwar begin

with letters of the Arabic alphabet, as though meant to be numbered, others do not. Some suwar of

the Qur'an refer or allude to religious and historical events but seldom provide comprehensive

accounts. God in the Qur'an speaks in the first person. Being the verbatim Word of God, the text of

the Qur'an is valid for religious purposes only in its original Arabic, cannot be modified, and is

not translatable, although the necessity for non-Arabic interpretations is recognized.