Optics Physics

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties

Most optical phenomena can be accounted for using the classical electromagnetic description of light. Complete electromagnetic descriptions of light are, however, often difficult to apply in practice. Practical optics is usually done using simplified models. The most common of these, geometric optics, treats light as a collection of rays that travel in straight lines and bend when they pass through or reflect from surfaces. Physical optics is a more comprehensive model of light, which includes wave effects such as diffraction and interference that cannot be accounted for in geometric optics. Historically, the ray-based model of light was developed first, followed by the wave model of light. Progress in electromagnetic theory in the 19th century led to the discovery that light waves were in fact electromagnetic radiation.

Optics Physics covers following categories with compressive content

Laws of reflection,

Spherical Mirrors,

Formation of image by a spherical mirror,

Relation between focal length and radius of curvature,

Law of distances-Mirror Equation,

Magnification,

Linear magnification,

Refraction of light,

Laws of refraction,

Total internal reflection,

Critical angle,

Applications of total internal reflection,

Lenses, Optic Centre,

Principal Focus,

Focal length,

Focal Plane,

Image formation,

Images formed by a convex lens,

Image formed by a concave lens,

Refraction at a Spherical Surface,

Thin Lens Formula and Lens maker’s Formula,

Law of distances,

Linear Magnification,

Power of a lens,

Lens Combinations,

Combination of two thin lenses in Contact,

Combination of two thin lenses out of Contact,

Scattering of light,

Rayleigh scattering law,

Raman scattering,

Optical instruments,

Microscopes,

Simple Microscope,

Compound Microscope,

Telescopes,

Refracting Telescope,

Resolving Power,

Wave optics,

Wave motion,

Wavelength and Phase of vibration,

Wave front,

Huygens’ Principle,

Reflection of a plane wave front at a plane surface,

Interference of light,

Principle of superposition of waves,

Condition for sustained interference,

Young’s double slit experiment,

Expression for bandwidth,

Band width (β),

Condition to produce good interference bands,

Colours of thin films,

Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction,

Diffraction due to a single slit,

Polarisation,

Polariser and Analyser,

Polaroids,

and Brewster’s law

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