Shatranj

古象棋

Shatranj is the Islamic name for chess, derived from Chatrang (Persian Chess). In medieval times, forms of Shatranj were referred to as Small Chess to differentiate from various forms of Great Chess played on larger boards, such as Grande Acedrex. Referring to this as Small Chess in modern times would surely be confusing, however, as there are now many forms of (even) smaller Chess.